All articles on Java and CNC

From your first output to streams and generics: these articles take you through the Java basics in a sensible order, the way school, vocational training and first-year courses teach them.

• Input and outputJava input and output explained simply: print values with println and printf, read numbers with Scanner. With examples and common mistakes.Read article
• ConditionsJava conditions with if, else if, switch, && and || explained clearly. With examples and the common mistakes that cost points in exams.Read article
• LoopsJava loops explained simply: for, while, do-while, break and continue with examples. Plus the common mistakes that cost points in exams.Read article
• ArraysJava arrays explained simply: create them, loop through them, use two-dimensional arrays. With examples and common mistakes like the wrong index.Read article
• StringsJava strings explained simply: substring, charAt, split, equals and StringBuilder with examples. Plus common mistakes like comparing with ==.Read article
• Methods and recursionJava methods explained simply: parameters, return, overloading, varargs and recursion with examples. Plus common mistakes like a missing return.Read article
• Classes and objectsJava classes and objects explained simply: fields, constructors, getters, static and records with examples. Plus common mistakes like shadowed fields.Read article
• Lists and mapsLists and maps in Java explained simply: ArrayList, HashSet and HashMap with examples. Plus common mistakes like List<int> and remove on numbers.Read article
• Inheritance and interfacesJava inheritance explained simply: extends, super, @Override, abstract classes, interfaces and Comparable with examples. Plus common mistakes.Read article
• Exceptions and enumsJava exceptions explained simply: try, catch, finally, throw, custom exceptions and enums with examples. Plus common mistakes like empty catch blocks.Read article
• Lambdas and streamsJava lambdas and streams explained simply: filter, map, reduce, Comparator and groupingBy with examples. Plus common mistakes with toList() and reversed().Read article
• Generics and modern JavaJava generics explained simply: generic classes and methods, var, instanceof, Optional and sealed with examples. Plus common mistakes like Box<int>.Read article

Searching, sorting, recursion, trees and graphs: these articles explain the algorithms and data structures of a typical second programming course, each with runnable Java code.

• SearchingLinear and binary search in Java explained simply: with code examples, O(n) and O(log n) running times and the typical mistakes made in exams.Read article
• Simple sortingBubble sort, selection sort and insertion sort in Java, step by step: with examples, running time, stability and the typical mistakes to avoid.Read article
• Fast sortingMerge sort, quicksort and counting sort in Java explained simply: with example code, running time, stability and the typical mistakes in exams.Read article
• Classic algorithmsGCD with Euclid, prime sieve, number systems, Luhn and greedy change in Java: short examples, running times and typical mistakes for your exam.Read article
• Lists, stacks, queuesBuild a stack, a queue and a linked list in Java yourself: examples with an array, a ring buffer and nodes, running times and typical mistakes.Read article
• Recursion and backtrackingRecursion and backtracking in Java explained simply: base case, call stack, permutations and Towers of Hanoi with examples and typical mistakes.Read article
• Trees and heapsBinary trees, binary search trees, heaps and heapsort in Java explained simply: traversal, examples and the typical mistakes made in exams.Read article
• Hashing and graphsHash tables, breadth-first search, depth-first search and Dijkstra in Java explained simply: with example code, running times and typical mistakes.Read article

From your first move to milling: these articles explain the G-code commands you need for drilling and milling, with example programs and common mistakes.

• Coordinates and rapid traverseLearn CNC programming from the start: X, Y, Z coordinates, the zero point and rapid traverse G00, with G-code examples and common mistakes.Read article
• Program structureHow is a CNC program built? Program header, block numbers, absolute G90 and incremental G91, with G-code examples and the common mistakes.Read article
• Tool and spindleTool change with T and M6, spindle speed S and spindle M3, M4, M5 in a CNC program: with G-code examples, rules of thumb and common mistakes.Read article
• Drilling by handCNC drilling without a cycle: one hole in four steps with G00, G01 and feed rate F. With G-code examples for one and several holes and common mistakes.Read article
• Drilling cyclesCNC drilling cycle G81, dwell with G82 and retract with G98 and G99: explained simply, with G-code examples and the common mistakes with cycles.Read article
• Hole patternsRows, grids and bolt circles of holes with one CNC drilling cycle: calculate the coordinates with a formula, with G-code examples and common mistakes.Read article
• Deep holesPeck drilling deep holes on a CNC: cycles G83 and G73, choosing the peck depth Q, breaking chips. With G-code examples and the common mistakes.Read article
• Multiple toolsMultiple tools in one CNC program: centre drill, drill, countersink and tap with G84 in the right order. With G-code examples and the common mistakes.Read article
• Cutting values and short pathsCalculate spindle speed from cutting speed, get the feed in mm/min and plan short paths: with formulas, G-code examples and the common mistakes.Read article
• Milling and ExcellonLearn CNC milling: slots, contours and arcs with G02 and G03, plus Excellon drill files for circuit boards. With G-code examples and common mistakes.Read article